When water physically soaks into and breaks down materials, it’s known as primary water damage. One gallon weighs over eight pounds, and a single cubic foot of water holds more than seven gallons. That kind of volume puts serious stress on a structure.

There’s also secondary damage, caused by water in vapor form. This affects porous materials like wood, drywall, paper, and artwork. Even if there’s no standing water in sight, vapor can migrate into untouched areas, causing swelling, warping, and permanent loss.

If water damage isn’t addressed within 48 to 72 hours, much of it becomes irreversible. Quick action prevents long-term damage and keeps restoration costs from spiraling.

Smoke and soot begin attacking surfaces almost immediately. Plastics turn yellow. Small appliances near the fire discolor. Porous materials like marble and alabaster absorb residue and stain permanently.

Grout stains. Fiberglass tubs and showers start to yellow. Metal surfaces begin to tarnish. Countertops and refrigerator panels may fade. Furniture finishes lose their sheen and begin to deteriorate.

Walls develop permanent discoloration. Metal surfaces corrode and rust. Wood furniture may need full refinishing. Linoleum begins to warp or peel. Clothing absorbs soot. Upholstery stains become locked in.

Even durable carpet fibers show irreversible yellowing. Silver tarnishes beyond recovery. Glass, crystal, and china suffer permanent etching from acidic soot exposure. At this point, restoration becomes far more expensive and much less effective.

The key to preventing mold indoors is to control the moisture indoors.

If you find mold growing in your home, both the mold and the source of moisture must be dealt with. Cleaning up the mold without fixing the water problem will almost always lead to the mold returning.